Diaper Rash in Newborns: Symptoms, Causes and Treatments

With newborn diaper rashes, we generally refer to a common skin condition where the baby's skin in the diaper-covered area turns red, inflamed, and sometimes sore. This rash usually occurs on the buttocks, the thigh, and the genitals, with prolonged wetness or irritants such as urine or faeces. A wet or soiled diaper left on for too long could be one such cause.

At first, it might appear borderline trivial, but it will definitely cause discomfort to the baby if left untreated. Even though most diaper rashes fade away with simple care and hygiene, more stubborn and severe cases should be treated by a doctor.

There are many different reasons why diaper rash may happen in a newborn. Some of the most common causes include:

• Prolonged exposure to a soiled or wet diaper:

  If the wet or dirty diaper is left on the skin for too long, a rash can occur. If the baby has diarrhoea, they may be more likely to have a nappy rash.

• Friction:

  A tight-fitting or rough diaper can rub against the skin and create a friction that, when combined with wetness or moisture, can lead to a rash.

• Yeast or bacterial infections:

  The diaper's damp and warm conditions provide the ideal conditions for bacteria and yeast to grow and produce irritation. The skin's natural folds or creases may be the site of a rash.

• Introduction of new foods:

  When babies eat new foods, it can change the pH of stool/urine, which can increase the risk of rash.

• Allergies or sensitivity:

  Babies with sensitive skin may become sensitive to wipes, soaps or even laundry detergent, and develop diaper rash due to their sensitivity /allergies. Diaper rashes can be more common in babies who have atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, or other skin conditions.

Understanding the root cause helps in choosing the most effective treatment and prevention strategy.

Most diaper rashes are related to irritation of the skin with pee, poop and sweat. Sometimes babies have what looks like a diaper rash from an allergic reaction to a type of diaper or to fragrance from laundry detergent, fabric softener, soap or wipes. Recognising the signs of diaper rash in newborns early can help reduce the severity of the rash. The symptoms of diaper rash usually include:

• Red and inflamed skin in the diaper area, especially on the buttocks, thighs, and genitals
• Warm to the touch: the skin may be warm, swollen, or tender.
• Bumps, blisters or peeling skin in more serious situations.
• A baby that cries or seems uncomfortable when the diaper is changed or if the diaper area is touched.

In some cases, you may also see little red dots or spots. If the rash is spreading or seems painful, it could be a sign of a secondary infection, and you would need to see a paediatrician.

Treating diaper rash for newborns depends on the severity and cause. Here are proven treatment strategies:

• Diaper-Free Time

  Whenever an infant is dealing with diaper rash, allowing them to have some time each day without a diaper (or other bottoms) to allow the area time to dry out and heal is important.

• Barrier Creams & Ointments

  There are many barrier creams and skin-soothing ointments found in grocery stores, pharmacies, and online. Use a zinc oxide-based cream or petroleum jelly to create a barrier that keeps moisture off the baby's skin.

• Frequent Diaper Changes

  When an infant develops diaper rash, parents or other carers must be extra careful when changing the diaper. Change diapers immediately after your baby urinates or passes stool. You can use alcohol-free or fragrance-free wipes, or you can use warm water to gently cleanse the area.

• Medical Treatment (if Needed)

  If the rash does not heal in a few days, a paediatrician may use an antifungal cream for a yeast rash. They may prescribe a mild antibiotic ointment for bacterial infections. Do not use any over-the-counter medication unless a prescription is provided, especially in newborns.

With consistency, most rashes resolve within a few days.

Prevention is the best way to deal with diaper rash in newborns. Follow these tips to minimise the risk:

• Keep the diaper area clean and dry: Change your baby's diaper frequently and clean the skin well.
• Use mild cleansing methods: Wipes without alcohol or fragrances, or use cotton pads with lukewarm water.
• Apply a barrier cream regularly: After every diaper change, a thin layer acts as a barrier from moisture and irritants.
• Use breathable diaper options: Use diapers that will allow some air to pass, or try cloth diapers if your baby has sensitive skin.
• Avoid harsh soaps and detergents: Skin irritants like the fragrances in soaps and detergents are a common cause of diaper rash. If possible, avoid using harsh soaps and detergents. Wash the baby's clothes and diapers using a mild, fragrance-free detergent.
• Watch out for food sensitivities: if your baby has started on solid foods, be aware of any correlations between rashes and certain foods.
• Allow the skin to breathe: Incorporate a diaper-free time into the day.

By incorporating these habits into your baby’s daily care routine, you can significantly reduce the chances of diaper rash.

Most cases of diaper rash will resolve over time with home remedies. However, there are times when you should see a doctor. You should take an infant with diaper rash to the doctor or visit a paediatric hospital if they have any of the following symptoms:

• The rash lasts longer than 3 days, even with frequent changes and barrier creams.
• The rash rapidly spreads or grows beyond the diaper area.
• There are blisters, open sores, pus, or a discharge of fluid found, which indicates possible infection.
• Certain areas of the skin are cracked, bleeding, or extremely raw.
• Your baby develops a fever, becomes lethargic, irritable, or fussy.
• Rash continues to recur or worsen despite several attempts to treat it.
• If you notice a foul smell coming from the rash site or if there are any signs of pain while urinating or moving the bowels.

Early medical intervention can alleviate symptoms and prevent further complications for your little one.

Diaper rash is common and treatable in infants, especially if appropriate hygiene practices and care are provided. Most diaper rashes can be avoided altogether by keeping the area clean, dry, and protected. The majority of diaper rashes that do arise can be treated with safe home care in a timely manner.

At Matcare, we understand that newborn health is a top priority for parents. From delivery to recuperation, our amiable and informed team is dedicated to assisting you at every stage of treatment. They specialise in maternity and paediatric care. Our professionals will handle problems like nappy rash and provide you with advice on how to take care of your infant while making sure you know your child is in good hands.